Palabras clave
Adenovirus
Infección Respiratoria Aguda
Pediatría Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Adenovirus
Acute Respiratory Infection
Pediatrics
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: la Infección Respiratoria Aguda Baja (IRAB) es una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad y mortalidad en menores de 5 años especialmente en países de bajos y medianos ingresos. Los estudios epidemiológicos del Virus Sincitial Respiratorio (VSR) y adenovirus son escasos en estos países. Métodos: en un estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva, revisamos las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes hospitalizados por IRAB, positivos para VSR y/o adenovirus, entre mayo 1 de 2009 y mayo 31 de 2011. Se evaluaron las variables predictivas para enfermedad severa y para mortalidad. Resultados: de 3.137 niños hospitalizados por IRAB con muestras para VSR y adenovirus, se incluyeron 1.338 (42.7%) positivos para al menos uno de los dos virus. La edad menor que 6 meses (IRR: 1.92; IC 95%: 1.59-2.32; pp=0.002), haber tomado la muestra de aspirado nasofaríngeo (ANF) en algún mes diferente al período de 3 meses comprendido entre marzo y mayo (IRR: 1.21; IC 95%: 1.00-1.47; p=0.043), y la infección mixta por VSR y adenovirus (IRR: 1.79; IC 95%: 1.34-2.39; p<0.001) fueron predictores independientes de enfermedad severa. El cáncer como comorbilidad fue el único predictor independiente de mortalidad (IRR: 25.87; IC 95%: 6.05-110.59; p<0.001). Conclusiones: el VSR y el adenovirus son una causa importante de IRAB en niños menores de 36 meses en la ciudad de Bogotá, especialmente en marzo, abril y mayo. Se identificaron predictores independientes de enfermedad severa y de mortalidad.
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