Palabras clave
Envejecimiento de la población
Prevalencia
Anciano
Colombia Aging
Demographic aging
Prevalence
Aged
Colombia
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Envejecimiento exitoso (EE) es la capacidad no sólo para sobrevivir, sino también para prosperar en la vejez. Es un concepto multidimensional que abarca, trasciende y supera la buena salud. Está compuesto por un conjunto de factores: condiciones de salud, funcionamiento físico óptimo, alto funcionamiento cognitivo, afecto positivo y compromiso social. Conocer los criterios y predictores permite identificar ancianos que envejecen bien y desde la atención primaria, promover estrategias que aseguren mantener altos niveles de funcionalidad todo el tiempo que sea posible. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de envejecimiento exitoso y los factores predictores en ancianos colombianos. Metodología: Diseño transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Se entrevistaron 311 personas. El envejecimiento exitoso se definió con seis indicadores: ausencia de enfermedades crónicas importantes, ausencia de discapacidad en actividades de la vida diaria, ausencia de dificultad en medidas de función física y alto funcionamiento cognoscitivo, emocional y social. Covariables analizadas: aspectos sociodemográficos, de salud y espiritualidad. Resultados: La prevalencia de EE fue 8.4%, aumenta a 24.4% cuando no incluyen enfermedades. Los predictores independientes son tener buena autopercepción de salud, ser altamente religioso, casado, con alto nivel educativo y ser mujer. Discusión: La prevalencia de EE en ancianos colombianos es baja, 1 de cada 10 mayores de 65 años envejece con éxito cuando se tiene en cuenta la presencia de enfermedades y aumenta a 1 de cada 4 cuando se excluye, debido a la alta multimorbilidad. Factores relacionados con características socioeconómicas, religiosidad y de autopercepción de salud son claves para envejecer bien.
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