Palabras clave
Isquemia cerebral
Ratones
Agentes neuroprotectores
Regeneración nerviosa
Plasticidad neuronal
Trastornos psicomotores Fluoxetine
Brain ischemia
Mice
Neuroprotective agents
Nerve regeneration
Neuronal plasticity
Psychomotor disorders
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: la fluoxetina es un fármaco de amplio uso en la población para el tratamiento de los trastornos del estado de ánimo. Su uso ha demostrado efectos directos en los procesos de plasticidad neuronal y aumento de la proliferación neuronal. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la fluoxetina sobre el compromiso neurológico y el volumen de la lesión en un modelo de isquemia cerebral focal. Diseño: se utilizaron 28 ratones distribuidos en cuatro grupos experimentales: fluoxetina y placebo con y sin lesión isquémica. Se administró fluoxetina vía intraperitoneal a una dosis de 20 mg/kg/día, una vez al día durante 21 días. La técnica de isquemia cerebral focal consiste en introducir por vía cervical a través de la arteria carótida interna un nylon monofilamento recubierto con poli-l-lisina que ocluye el origen de la arteria cerebral media, el nylon se retira del lecho arterial a los 30 minutos, lo que permite la reperfusión vascular. Los animales fueron evaluados a las 24 horas postisquemia utilizando la escala modificada de Bederson y el análisis del test conductual de campo abierto. Después de esto se determinó el volumen de tejido cerebral infartado utilizando el método 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Resultados: los ratones tratados con fluoxetina, a quienes se les realizó el procedimiento de isquemia-reperfusión cerebral, presentaron menor déficit neurológico (p=0.0001) y menor porcentaje de lesión (p=0.003), lo que se correlacionó significativamente con una mejoría en su trastorno motor. Conclusión: la fluoxetina parece tener un efecto neuroprotector en la isquemia cerebral en ratones. Este hallazgo estimula a continuar estudiando su papel en futuros ensayos preclínicos y clínicos en pacientes con accidente cerebro vascular.
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