Palabras clave
Niños
Educación
Calidad de vida
Espirometría Asthma
Children
Education
Quality of life
Spirometry
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: el objetivo del manejo del asma es mejorar la calidad de vida (CV) controlando la enfermedad. Objetivo: determinar la utilidad de un programa integral de asma en términos de CV y control de la enfermedad. Metodología: estudio de cohorte única con diseño de antes y después. Se aplicó un programa de atención integral, que incluyó educación, consulta programada y prioritaria, evaluación por cuidado respiratorio y seguimiento de una guía de práctica clínica, a niños asmáticos entre 2 y 15 años. Se aplicaron cuestionarios de control de asma y CV (Paediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire y Paediatric Asthma Caregiver´s Quality of Life Questionnaire) y se realizó espirometría al comienzo y al cumplir un año en el programa. Desenlaces: número de crisis, consultas a urgencias, hospitalizaciones, ausentismo escolar y variación en CV. Se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student y McNemar. Resultados: se incluyeron 168 niños, 58% de sexo masculino, 89% con asma moderada o severa y edad promedio 7,4+3,2 años. La CV mejoró significativamente en los niños (puntaje global inicial: 4,6 ±1,3 vs. final: 5,6 ±1,1) y sus padres (inicial: 3,5 ±1,5 vs. 5,4 ±1,2) (p<0,001). Conclusiones: un programa integral
de asma con educación como componente central mejora la CV de los niños y sus cuidadores, reduciendo las consultas a urgencias y las hospitalizaciones por crisis de asma.
Citas
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