Abstract
ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis and tuberculosis are medical conditions that share similar symptoms and diagnostic challenges, primarily affecting the pulmonary and renal systems. We present the case of a 56-year-old man who was initially treated for tuberculosis due to pulmonary nodules and caseating granulomas. Subsequently, positive ANCA antibodies and necrotizing glomerulonephritis were detected, leading to the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Immunosuppressive treatment with cyclophosphamide was initiated, resulting in clinical improvement. A thorough evaluation, including medical history, laboratory tests, imaging studies, and sometimes biopsies, is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early and accurate identification of these conditions is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with delays in diagnosis.
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