Abstract
Cerebral venous system is divided into three main groups: deep venous system, superficial venous system and dural sinuses. Its development begins from sixth week of gestation and finishes its formation around 16th week. It is important to recognize brain venous anatomy throughout different diagnostic modalities to identify venous vascular structures and territories of the cerebral parenchyma, in order to properly interpret the images and perform clinical correlation for patients with cerebral pathology of venous etiology.
References
Raybaud C. Normal and abnormal embryology and development of the intracranial vascular system. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010;21(3): 399-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nec.2010.03.011
Klosovskii BN. Capítulo 1. Fundamental facts concerning the stages and principles of development of the brain and its response to noxious agents. En: Klosovskii BN. The development of the brain and its disturbance by harmful factors. 1ª Edición, Londres, Reino Unido: Pergamon Press; 1963: 3-43.
Bradad GB, Gianni B. Capítulo 9. Cerebral Veins. En: Bradac GB, editor. Cerebral Angiography. 1ª Edición. Berlín, Alemania: Springer; 2011: 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15678-6_9
Osborn AG. Capítulo 9. Venous Anatomy and Oclussions. En: Osborn AG. Hedlund GL, Salzman KL, editores. Osborn's Brain: Imaging, Pathology, and Anatomy. 1ª Edición. Filadelfia, Estados Unidos: Amirsys Publishing; 2013.
Rhoton AL. Capítulo 4. The cerebral veins. En: Rhoton AL, Cranial anatomy and surgical approaches. 1ª Edición. Filadelfia, Estados Unidos: LWW Publishing; 2007: 187-234.
Byrne JV. Capítulo 3. Craneal venous anatomy. En: Byrne JV, editor. Tutorials in Endovascular Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology. 2ª Edición. Berlín, Alemania: Springer; 2012: 53-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19154-1_3
Estol CJ. Capítulo 8. Headache: Stroke Symptoms and Signs. En: Bogousslavsky J, Caplan LR, editores. Stroke syndromes. 2ª Edición. Cambridge, Reino Unido: Cambridge University Press; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511586521.007
Naidich TP. Capítulo 18. Normal Vascular Anatomy. En: Naidich TP, Castillo M, Cha S, Smirniotopoulos JG, editores. Imaging of the brain. 1ª Edición. Filadelfia, Estados Unidos: Saunders; 2013.
Moore KL. Capítulo 8. La Cabeza. En: Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR, editores. Fundamentos de anatomía humana con orientación clínica. 8ª Edición. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Médica Panamericana; 2018: 499-506.
AgidR, ShelefI, Scott JN, Farb RI. Imaging of the intracranial venous system. Neurologist. 2008; 14 (1): 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/NRL.0b013e318157f791
Netter FN. Sección 1. Cabeza y cuello. En: Netter FN, Atlas de anatomía humana. 6ª Edición. Barcelona, España: Editorial Masson. 2015.
Kiliç T, Akakin A. Anatomy of cerebral veins and sinuses. Front Neurol Neurosci. 2008; 23: 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1159/000111256
Pond JB, Suss RA, Scott HD, Chason DP. CT Angiography if the cerebral venous system: Anatomic structure, pathologic features and pitfalls. Radiographics. 2015; 35 (2): 498-9. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.352140129
Leach JL, Fortuna RB, Jones BV, Gaskill-Shipley MF. Imaging of cerebral venous thrombosis: current techniques, spectrum of findings, and diagnostic pitfalls. Radiographics. 2006; 26 (Suppl 1): S19-S41. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.26si055174
Rhoton AL. Cerebral veins, Neurosurgery, 2002; 51 (Suppl 4): S1-159-S1-205. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200210001-00005
Schünke M, Schulte E. Vasos sanguíneos del cerebro. Capítulo 10, Sección Neuroanatomía. En: Schünke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U. Prometheus: Texto y atlas de anatomía. 3ª Edición, Tomo 3, Buenos Aires, Argentina: Médica Panamericana; 2015.