Palabras clave
Diagnóstico clínico
terapéutica
Prevención primaria
Toma de Decisiones
Consenso
Cómo citar
Resumen
El término vitamina D hace referencia a un grupo de compuestos liposolubles como la isoforma 1,25(OH)D; la principal forma circulante de esta vitamina. La 1,25(OH)D es también la forma más potente de la vitamina D y se une a receptores intracelulares en el hueso e intestino para regular la transcripción de genes. En particular, la diferenciación de enterocitos y la absorción intestinal de calcio. Esta isoforma tiene una vida media de dos a tres semanas (1).
Los efectos fisiológicos de la 1,25(OH)D son muy variados, entre ellos se incluyen: disminución de la absorción intestinal de fosfato, supresión directa de la liberación de hormona paratiroidea (HPT), regulación de la función osteoblástica y permitir la activación de osteoclastos mediada por HPT para una adecuada reabsorción ósea (2).
Los consensos de expertos contribuyen a mejorar la toma de decisiones en el ámbito clínico, y en consecuencia, disminuyen complicaciones y efectos adversos, logrando con mayor frecuencia desenlaces favorables para los pacientes. El consenso de expertos sobre vitamina D publicado en la revista Medicina en el 2017, no incluye población diferencial con patologías específicas (enfermedad renal, la enfermedad hepática, enfermedades reumatológicas, la salud mental, entre otras), y dado que existen consideraciones especiales para esta población se justifica la construcción de este consenso (3).
El interés por el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la deficiencia de vitamina D ha crecido de forma exponencial en el territorio nacional. El presente consenso es una guía para el personal médico basada en una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura entorno al diagnóstico, tratamiento y prevención de la deficiencia de vitamina D, haciendo un énfasis particular en el cuidado de pacientes con riesgo alto de sufrir esta deficiencia. Estas recomendaciones pueden ser aplicadas en todos los niveles de atención en salud en los ámbitos ambulatorio y hospitalario. Sin embargo, cabe resaltar que su aplicación está sujeta a la disponibilidad de recursos en el escenario donde se requiera y a las competencias del personal tratante.
Citas
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