Keywords
Infección urinaria
Reflujo vesicoureteral Gammagraphy
Urinary tract infection
Vesico ureteral reflux
How to Cite
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are non-epidemic bacterial illnesses that are most frequent in infancy where 3 - 5% of girls and 1 - 2% of boys are affected at least once throughout their childhood. Among the factors that predispose them to a urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the most frequent by 25 - 50%, being present in 18 - 50% of the patients with their first episode of a urinary tract infection. However, for some authors, none had found major vesicoureteral reflux in any of their patients that justified immediate intervention. Actually, children with their first episode of a urinary tract infection are given exams such as a renal ultrasound and micturition urethrocystography (MUC) to evaluate the urinary tracts and to discard VUR. Controversy exists on the necessity of a MUC in every child, given that the majority of children present minor grades of VUR, in which a doctor handles, and only the major grades of VURs are considered other options of management
References
Björn Wullt MD, Begsten G., Fisher H., Godaly G., Karpman D., Leijonhufvud, Lunndstedt A-C, Samuelsson P., Samuelsson M., Svensson M-L, Svanborg C. "The host response to urinary tract infection". Infect Dis Clin N Am 2003; 17: 279- 301. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0891-5520(03)00028-X
Dick P.T., Feldman W. "Routine diagnostic imaging for childhood urinary tract infection; a systematic overview". J Pediatr 1996; 128:15-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(96)70422-5
Min-Hua Tseng, Wei-Jen Lin. "Does a Normal DMSA Obviate the Performance of Voiding Cystourethrography in Evaluation of Young Children after Their First Urinary Tract Infection?". J Pediatr 2007; 150:96-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.09.028
Whyte K.M., Abbott G.D., Kennedy J.C., Maling TMJ. "A Protocol for investigation of infants and children with UTI". Clin Radiol 1988; 39: 278-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-9260(88)80394-5
Grimoldi I.A. "Fisiopatología de la infección urinaria: implicancias diagnosticas y terapéuticas. Arch. Latin". Nefro. Ped. 2004; 4(2): 66.
Hellerstein S. "Urinary tract infection: Old and new concepts". Pediatr. Clin. North. Am. 1995; 42: 1433- 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(16)40092-1
Rushton Gil, Majd Massoud: "Dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy for evaluation of pyelonephritis and scarring: a review of experimental and clinical studies". J Urol 1992; 148: 1726-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)37014-3
Hoberman A., Wald E.R. "Urinary tract infection in young febrile children". Pediatric Infect Dis J 1997; 16: 11- 7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-199701000-00004
Ronald A. "The etiology of urinary tract infection: tradicional and emerging pathogens". Am J med 2002; 113: 14s- 9s. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01055-0
Navarro M., Espinosa L.. "Nefropatía por reflujo". Nefrología Pediátrica. Madrid: Aula Médica; 2000.
Guyer C.M., Radulovic S., Jones F-E, Mobley H.L.T. "Sat the secreted autotransporter toxin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a vacuolating cytotoxin for blader and kidney epithelial cells". Infect Immun 2002; 70; 4539- 46. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.70.8.4539-4546.2002
Kim S., Hicks J., Goldstein S. "Adenovirus pyelonephritis in a pediatric renal transplant patient". Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18:457-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-003-1080-x
Hirsh H.H., Knowles W., Dickenman M., Passweg J., Klimkait T., Mihats M., Steiger J.N. "Prospective study of polyomavirus type by replication and nephropathy in renal transplant recipients". Engl J Med 2002; 347:488-496. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa020439
Caggiani M., Farías S. "Cistouretrografía precoz en niños hospitalizados con infección urinaria". Arch Peditr Urug 2005; 76(2): 115-121.
Hansson S., Jodal U. "Urinary tract infection". En: Avner ED, Harmon W.E., Niaudet P., eds. Pediatric Nephrology (5ta edic) Philadelphia. Leipincott, Williams & Wilkins 2004; 1007- 1025.
Piedrah, Ta, Vilma. "Diagnóstico de Infección Urinaria en niños". Med. Lab Mar.1997; 7(3):153-64, Tab., Graf.
Novvljan G., Kenig A., Rus R., Kenda R. "Cyclic voiding urosonography in detecting vesicoureteral reflux". Pediatr Nephrol 2003; 18:992-995. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-003-1228-8
Piaggio G., Delg' Innocenti M.L., Toma P., Calero M.G., Perfumo F. "Cystosononography and Voiding Cystouretography in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux". Pediatr Neprhrol 2003; 18: 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-002-0974-3
Szabó L., Bombay B., Borbás B., Bajusz I. "Videourodynamics in the diagnosis of urinary tracts abnormalities in a single center". Pediatr Nephrol 2004; 19:326¬331.40, 41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-003-1341-8
NICE (National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Health). Urinary tract infection in children. Diagnosis, treatment and long-term management. August 2007. Disponible en: www.nice.0rg. uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG54fullguideline. pdf.